Gallbladder surgery, also known as cholecystectomy, is a common procedure used to remove the gallbladder when it becomes diseased or develops gallstones. Understanding the process, preparation, and recovery can help patients feel more comfortable and confident.
1. Why Gallbladder Surgery is Needed:
- Gallstones: Hardened deposits that block bile flow and cause pain
- Inflammation (Cholecystitis): Swelling or infection of the gallbladder
- Gallbladder Polyps or Cancer: Rare cases where surgery is necessary
- Biliary Dyskinesia: Poor functioning of the gallbladder
2. Preparing for Surgery:
- Medical Evaluation: Blood tests, ultrasound, and other imaging may be required
- Medication Adjustments: Doctors may ask you to stop certain medications before surgery
- Fasting: Typically, patients must avoid food and drink for several hours before the operation
- Discuss Anesthesia: Your doctor will explain the anesthesia process and answer any concerns
3. Types of Gallbladder Surgery:
- Laparoscopic Surgery (Minimally Invasive):
- Small incisions and faster recovery
- Most common method
- Open Surgery:
- Larger incision, used in complicated cases
- Longer recovery period
4. What to Expect During Surgery:
- Anesthesia is administered for comfort and safety
- The gallbladder is carefully removed
- In laparoscopic surgery, tiny cameras and instruments are used
- Procedure duration: Typically 1–2 hours depending on complexity
5. Recovery and Post-Surgery Care:
- Hospital Stay: Usually 1 day for laparoscopic surgery; longer for open surgery
- Pain Management: Mild pain and discomfort are normal; medications help manage it
- Diet: Start with liquids and gradually move to solid foods
- Activity: Light activity is encouraged; avoid heavy lifting for several weeks
- Follow-Up: Regular check-ups to ensure proper healing
6. Possible Complications (Rare):
- Infection at the incision site
- Bile leakage
- Blood clots
- Digestive changes after surgery